Sofia Kovalevskaya
索菲亚·柯瓦列夫斯卡娅
Europe's First Female Mathematics PhD
“Say what you know, do what you must, come what may.”
“说你所知，做你所必须，任凭后果。”
— Motto inscribed on her papers
Biography
Sofia Kovalevskaya entered a fictitious marriage to leave Russia and study mathematics in Europe, where women could not enroll independently. She became the first woman in Europe to earn a doctorate in mathematics and the first woman appointed to a full professorship in Northern Europe, at Stockholm University. Her work on partial differential equations and the rotation of rigid bodies remains influential.
索菲亚·柯瓦列夫斯卡娅通过假结婚离开俄国到欧洲学习数学，因为那里的女性不能独立注册入学。她成为欧洲第一位获得数学博士学位的女性，也是北欧第一位被任命为正教授的女性，任教于斯德哥尔摩大学。她在偏微分方程和刚体旋转方面的工作至今仍有影响力。
Key Achievements
First woman in Europe to earn a mathematics PhD
欧洲第一位获数学博士的女性
First female full professor in Northern Europe
北欧第一位女性正教授
Major contributions to differential equations and mechanics
对微分方程和力学做出重大贡献
References & Citations
- Wikipedia: Sofia Kovalevskaya — https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sofia_Kovalevskaya
- Koblitz, Ann Hibner. A Convergence of Lives: Sofia Kovalevskaia. Birkhäuser, 1983.
