Barbara McClintock
芭芭拉·麦克林托克
Discoverer of Genetic Transposition
“If you know you are on the right track, if you have this inner knowledge, then nobody can turn you off.”
“如果你知道自己走在正确的道路上，如果你有这种内在的认知，那么没有人能阻止你。”
— Documented in Keller, Evelyn Fox. A Feeling for the Organism, 1983.
Biography
Barbara McClintock discovered genetic transposition — the ability of genes to change position on chromosomes — decades before the scientific community accepted her findings. Working alone with maize plants at Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, she showed that genes could move and regulate the expression of other genes. Her work, initially dismissed, was vindicated when she received the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1983, the first woman to win the prize unshared.
芭芭拉·麦克林托克发现了遗传转座——基因在染色体上改变位置的能力——比科学界接受她的发现早了几十年。她在冷泉港实验室独自研究玉米植物，表明基因可以移动并调节其他基因的表达。她的工作最初被否定，但在1983年获得诺贝尔生理学或医学奖时得到了平反，她是第一位独享该奖的女性。
Key Achievements
Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (1983)
诺贝尔生理学或医学奖（1983年）
Discovered genetic transposition (jumping genes)
发现遗传转座（跳跃基因）
First woman to win an unshared Nobel in Physiology or Medicine
第一位独享诺贝尔生理学或医学奖的女性
References & Citations
- Wikipedia: Barbara McClintock — https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbara_McClintock
- Nobel Prize: Barbara McClintock — https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1983/mcclintock/
- Keller, Evelyn Fox. A Feeling for the Organism. W.H. Freeman, 1983.
