Nettie Stevens

Biography

Nettie Stevens discovered that sex is determined by chromosomes — specifically that XX chromosomes produce females and XY produce males in many species. Working with mealworms, she provided the crucial evidence linking chromosomes to inherited traits. Her colleague Edmund Beecher Wilson published similar findings simultaneously but received most of the credit, while Stevens' contribution was largely forgotten for decades.

内蒂·史蒂文斯发现性别是由染色体决定的——特别是在许多物种中XX染色体产生雌性，XY产生雄性。通过研究黄粉虫，她提供了将染色体与遗传特征联系起来的关键证据。她的同事埃德蒙·比彻·威尔逊同时发表了类似发现但获得了大部分荣誉，而史蒂文斯的贡献在几十年里几乎被遗忘。

Key Achievements

• Discovered chromosomal basis of sex determination

  发现性别决定的染色体基础

• Linked chromosomes to inherited traits

  将染色体与遗传特征联系起来

• Pioneered the field of cytogenetics

  开创了细胞遗传学领域

References & Citations

1. Wikipedia: Nettie Stevens — https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nettie_Stevens
2. Brush, Stephen G. 'Nettie M. Stevens and the Discovery of Sex Determination by Chromosomes,' Isis, 1978.